Manufacture of waterproof fibrous products



I5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Zag.

H. L. LEVIN MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF FIBROUS. PRODUCTS Filed Sept. 17, 1928 .Aug. 6, 1929.

Aug- 5, 1929 H. L. LEvlN K 1,723,361

MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF FIBROUS PRODUCTS Filed Sept. 17, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Aug. 6, 1929.

H. L. LEVlN MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF FIBROUS PRODUCTS Filed Sept. 17, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 2F15 0.111701919957511.' 9a 95 91a 11' 911. 1/11 5211. 1' 11/.1

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11s. ,wwf/117mg M01/5mm .5a/WET. 250 1.84 4.6 6.o 1.1 11.3 9.11 11.11 121114.11511 240 1.16 4.8 6.2 1.1 11.1 111.2 11.5 13.1 14.8105 250 1.69 5.o 1.5 1.1 9.0 10.1 12.11 13.1 15.4 11.2 220 1.61 5.3 6.5 1.1 9.5 11.2 12.1 11.1161 15.11 210 1.54' 5.5 1.1 11.1 9.9 11.1 13.2 15.0 16.91118 200 1.4'1 5.8 1.5 8.8 10.1 12.2 121.8 15.7 17.1 19.7 190 1.40 6.1 '1.9 9.3 10.9 12.8 14.5 15.5 18.6 2018 180 1.32 6.11 6.3 9.11 11.6 13.6 15.4 11.5 19.1 1'10 1.24I 6.8 6.9 10.5 12.3 14.5 16.4 18.6 21.0 160 1.11 1.3 9.4 11.1 11.1 15.4 11.1 1911 150 1.10 1.1l 10.0 11.8 13.9 16.4 18.5 21.0 i410 1.05 8.3 10.1 12.6 14.8 17.5 191 150 0.95 8.9 11.6 13.1 16.1 19.11 120 0.813 9.1 12.5 11.1 11.1 20.5 110 11.111 10.5 111.1 16.0 111.9 100 11.13 11.1 15.11 11.11 20.9

Patented Aug. 6, 1929.

A UNITED STATES ,l 1,123,361 'PATENT oFFlcE..

HAROLD L. LEVIN, F NUTLEY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGN'OB TO THE FLINTKOTE OOI- PANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF IASSAUHUSETTS.

'MANUFACTURE oF WATERPROOF rmaous rnonuc'rs.

Application led September 17, 1928. Serial No. 806,478.

' composing thevr same, in the form of a dispersion thereof 1n an aqueous medium.

One of the improved methods of thus incorporating water-proofing material which is now beinrf em lo ed on a larve commercial scale, comprehends the application vof the aqueous dispersion of the waterproofing material in the form of a film or layer appliedfto 'one surface of a wet ply, or between adjoining.

surfaces of a plurality of wet plies combined to form a multi-ply sheet, simultaneously with the formation of said plies, the interl posed film or layer of waterproofing material functioning as a septum or barrier precluding penetration of water or moisture therethrough. Products of these processes are particularly suitable for the manufacture of brons containers for packaging various articles of food or the like which must be kept dry or at a constant degree of moisture content.

My invention relates more specifically to improvements in processes of the type last described, and has as one lof its principal objects the provision of a system for `more unir form control in the application of the dispersion of the waterproofing material to the Wet web or webs, the purpose being to secure a. definite and pre-determined amount of waterproofing material per given area of the sheet, and to edect an even distribution of this amount of the waterproofing material over such area in a layer or' film of uniform thickness. This Control in tlievoperation is accomplished, in accordance with my present invention, by providing means for controlling the feed of" the dispersion of waterproofing material to the instrumentality for applying the same to the web or webs, and by providing automatic means whereby the concentration of the waterproofing materialin the last named instrumentality is maintained at a substantially constant value.

Another object of my invention resides in the provision of mechanism for effecting a rapid change from one 'rate of feed of the waterproofing material to another, without necessitating stoppage of the machine, orl in any way interrupting the continuity of the operation.

A still furthery object of my invention is to provide for a more orderly operation of this typexof process, to the end that losses incurred by frequent shut-downs maybe avoided, and the operation carried on without the employment of skilled labor or supervision.

Other. objects and advantages of my invent1on will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description and the4 accompanyin drawings, showing one arrangement o parts which I have found satlsfactory for accomplishing the objects of my 1nvention. p

In the drawing Fig. 1 shows, partly in elevation and partly in section, the relative posi tion of the feeding mechanism and the mechanism for applying the waterproofing maerial, the feeding device being shown in sec- 1on. f

F 2 is a sectional view taken/along line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

v Fig.` 2 is a detail of one of the orifice plates.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

` Fig. 4 is a view in section showing generally the arrangement of the instrumentality for applying the waterproofing material to the sheet.

Fig. -5 is a vertical sectional view taken' along line 5--5 of Fig. 1.

Figs. 6 and 7 are fragmentary certain parts appearing in Figs. 4 and 5.

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic representation showing the dispersion supply means with its pipe onnectiens to the mechanism shown in Fig. 9 is a tabulation of figures applicable to a machine operated in accordance with my invention.

Referring in detail to the drawings, theletter A designates generally the feed control device and the letter B indicates generally vthe device for applying the dispersion of waterproofing material to the wet fibrous web as it is being ca rried by the usual blanket from the forming' cylinder. material which may/be employed for carrying out my invention is preferably an aqueous dispersion of normall non-fluid bitumen, such as paraffin, resin, a halt or the like havin a melting point of say, between 100 to 240Q more or less, the bitumen being dispersed in an aqueous medium by means of a dispersing The Waterproofing agent, such as clay or any other suitable colloid. The dispersion may be fed to the feed control box A from the storage tank S (Fig.

8) by means of a pump P connected with the valved pipes 2 and 3 as shown inFig. 8. Adjacent the point of its connection with the feed control box A, the pipe 3 may have connected thereto a conventional form of screen trap 4, having positioned therein an open ended cylindrical screen 5, as shown, spaced from the inner surface of the pipe 4 to provide an annular space 7 therein. The dispersion being fed to the control box A through the pipe 3, passes downwardly on the interior of the screen 5, and filters through the screen, to thus remove lumps of objectionable size. The material then flows by way of the annular space 7 to the discharge end 8 of the pipe 3, into the feed control device A. Near the bottom of the trap 4 there may be fixed any convenient form of valve 5a for removing sediment.

The feed control device A is constructedas shown, of an enlarged chamber 10 having a smaller discharge chamber 11 joined at oneend thereof and separated therefrom by the end wall 12. Mounted within the chamber 10, isan overfiow pipe 13, the lower'end of which fits snugly within the upper end of a fixed nut 14. The lower half of the fitting 14 is internally threaded to receive the upper external threading of a discharge pipe 15, suitably valved for connection with the storage tank S or the pump P. The arrangement of the overflow pipe 13 is suchas to maintain a constant level of dispersion liquid within the chamber 10, and the pipe is adapted for ready removal from the fitting 14 so as to lower rapidly the liquid level in the event this becomes necessary. The emulsion fed to the chamber 10, before being delivered therefrom to the discharge chamber 11, may be screened by the screening device 17 positioned within guides 18, fixed in an inclined position to theside walls of chamber 10 as shown. Any further lumps of objectionable size, removed by screen 17, will gradually settle, collect between removable baffle plates 19 fixed to the bottom of the chamber and can be removed by means of pipe 20.

In order to secure a constant and predetermined rate of feed of dispersion material to the applying device B, the end wall 12 of the chamber 10 is formed with an enlarged opening 21, the center of which is at a fixed and predetermined level, below the upper end of pipe 13. For the purpose of regulating the flow of material through the opening 21 l provide, in accordance with my invention, plates 22, each formed with an orifice 23, the center of which is substantially in alignment with the center of the opening 21, when the plate is in operative position Within the guideways 24 fixed to the interior of the end wall 12 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. As Will be evident, the rate of flow of dispersion liquid from the chamber 10, under the hydrostatic head of pressure, will depend upon the size of the orifice in the plate 22, and I, therefore, provide a series of plates, the orifices of which vary in size between any desired limits. I preferably provide two guideways 24 and show in Figs. 1 and 2, a separate plate mounted in each guideway. rlhe purpose of two guideways, is to enable a plate having an orifice of one size to be xed in position before the removal of another plate which has previously been in operative position. if it is desired to increase rapidly the rate of discharge a plate 22a, having a correspondingly larger opening will be inserted in the guideway behind the plate 22, whereupon the plate 22 may be removed to thereby render effective the larger opening in the plate 22a. Manifestly,.should it be desired to subsequently increase or decrease the rate of discharge provided by the orifice in the plate 22a, another plate with an orifice of the desired size may be then inserted in the guideway in front of the plate 22a, whereupon the vlatter may be removed. By thus making provision for inserting one plate in operative position before removing another, l am enabled to prevent any sudden momentary discharge of liquid through the enlarged opening 21, as would be the case if it were necessary to remove one plate before another could be placed in proper position.

The dispersion material thus delivered at .a constant and predetermined rate by the orifice plate is discharged into the small chamber 11 and is adapted to be fed therefrom by the pipe 25 to the instrumentality B, for applying the dispersion to the wet web.

llhe lower end of the pipe 25 may terminate a slight distance above the upper end of a sight feed funnel 26, mounted at the upper end of pipe 27 for delivering the dispersion material to the applying mechanism B. The pipe 27 is connected with the compartment 29, formed to one side of the vat 28 and separated therefrom by a partition wall 30, having spaced discharging ports 31 therein, through which the material fed to the compartment 29 may enter the vat 28.

rlhe dispersion material in the vat 28 is adapted to be applied to the web by means of aA roll device 40. As shown in Figs. 4 to 7, this device preferably comprises a pipe or ,cylinder 41 of any suitable material, and

grooved longitudinally thereof, as at 42, at equally spaced points around its external periphery, for the reception of narrow strips 43 which are adapted to fit edgewise vertically within the grooves 42 and extend for a substantial distance beyond the periphery of the pipe or cylinder 41, so as to provide a series of longitudinally extending and equally spaced points of support for a foraminous plate or screen 44. The screen Incase.; 3

orwireimaybe wound around the cylinder upon the linear speed of the paper making and secured in any convenient manner to the machine. vKnowing then .the linear speed ofstrips 43. The pipeor cylinder 41 is fixed to the machine andthe width ofthe paperbemg a shaft 45, mountedfor rotation and suitably produced, by calculating the area of paper journaled as at 46 in the bearing walls 47 produced and passed over the applying des aced from the end walls 47 of the vat 28. vice B per unit interval of time, it is then find it advantageous to thus locate the bearmerel a matter of mathematical calculation ings for theshaft 45 at a substantial d1s-v to arrive at the figure representing the pounds tance from the vvalls 47,.since this effectually of asphalt or other waterproofing'ingredient prevents accumulation of dispersion liquid that would be a plied per unit area to the around the bearings and consequent clogging sheet at such speed, for each of the different thereof. The Sha t 4:5 may be SUPpOlted by' rates of flow of the waterproofing material any .convenient f mv of packing 48` in the from the feeding device A, corresponding to `end walls 47". End plates 49 having slots the several different orifices in the plates 22.

49 in the peripheries thereof, to correspond 4Fi 9 shows the results of such calculation with the stri s 43, may be driven over the hub for t e various sizev orifices as already indiof the trunnions 49. The screen or Wire 44 cated, when employed in conjunction with a is designed to ick up, during its'rotation paper makingmachine of 88 width, the 1iwithin the liquidv in the vat 28, the dispersion near speed whereof may vary from 60 to S250 material in the form of a film which may then feet per minute; be transferred during the continued rotation of the wire, to the wet fibrous web as the that assuming a machine of thisxwidth to be latter passes over the roll and 1n contact with operati- 11 -at a speed of 200 feet per minute, the screen or wire. y l and the ispersion being supplied by the feed It will be appreciated from what has albox A. through a plate having a nine-sixteenth ready been said, that the disperson materlal, inch orifice, the finished product would have comprising as it does water in the external distributed thereover. an asphalt film of a phase thereof, may be diluted to substantially thickness such as to weigh substantially five any desired extent. In carrying 'out my 1nand eight-tenths pounds per thousand square vention I utilize this property of the miscifeet. N ow should it be desired to increase the bility of the dispersion With Water to maintain thickness of the. asphalt layer produced at this It Will be obvious to those skilled in the art.,

vthroughout the operation of the mechanism, a machine speed to a value, of say, 10.5 pounds constant degree of dilution of the dispersion of asphalt per thousandsquare feet, it would A maintained in the vat 28, so as to secure therebe necessary, as yindicated from the tabulaby at all times, a predetermined uniform rate tions,`=' merely to replace the plate having,r a of deposition of. dispersion upon the fibrous nine-sixteenth inch orifice with one having a web by the roll 40. By maintaining a centhree-fourths inch orifice. It wi yl be evident stant volume of liquid Within the vat 28 and also', of course, that for any given Weight of feeding thereto at a definite rate from the asphalt'on other Waterproofing substance per feeding, device A the dispersion liquid conthousand square feet should it be desired to taininga definite quantity of Waterproofing operate the machine at a lower or higher material per unit volume, it is possible bymy speed, this may be accomplished merely by invention to determine for any given paper replacing the plate with one having a smaller making, machine, the exact amount of Wateror larger orifice, as the case may be, in accord- Vproofing' material that will be deposited per ance with the tabulations. Thus, to alter the unit area of the sheet. operation from a machine speed of 200 linear Thus, I have shown in Fi g. 9 a series of tabfeet per minute, with an asphalt deposition of' ulations based upon a number of different 10.5 pounds asphalt per thousand square feet, sized orifices in the plates 22, beginning'with to a machine speed of4 170 feet per minute .a diameter 0f nine-SXGBIIhS 0f an inch, and with substantially the same amount of asphalt increasing by one-sixteenth inch increments deposited, the three-fourth inch orifice4 plate to one and one-sixteenth inches. The'rate of would merely need to be replaced by an flow of dispersion through each of these orif eleven-sixteenth inch orifice plate, as will apices being ascertained, and the composition pear from Fig. 9. .of the dispersionbeing known, one may 'read- In order to maintain the constant volume ily calculate the rate of flow of the asphalt or of liquid within the vat 28 for the purposes other Waterproofing ingredient. In the'speindicated, I preferably supply the dispersion cific example forming the basis of the tabulaat such a concentration as would be too thick tions, the dispersion Was one which contained or viscid for application to the Wet web under substantially two and one-,half pounds of the particular conditions of machine speed asphalt per gallon of dispersion, and the corso that somedegree of dilution will always be lresponding rates of asphalt fioW are shown in required in order to bring the dispersion Fig. 9. The amount of Waterproofing ingreliquid to the proper concentration under such dient thus delivered, that will be deposited conditions of operation. I have found, that per unit area of the fibrous web, Willdepend in general, a concentration of more than two pounds of asphalt per gallon of the dispersion is too thick`for convenient operation, particularly inasmuch as at such consistency the application roll 40 tends to pick up-the dispersion too rapidly during tie rotation thereof. In carrying out the invention therefore, I supply the dispersion at an excessive concentration to the feeding device A and deliver the same therefrom at the regulated rate of flow, as already described, so that the requirement for dilution aiiords means for automatically maintaining a constant volume of liquid within the vat 28. As will be seen from Fig. 1, the dispersion delivered from the feed device A, by the pipe "25 to the sight feed funnel 26, is 'fed to the vat under a hydrostatic head of pressure. The pipe 27 through which the dispersion is thus being fed'to the vat has connected thereto a suitable valved inlet 50, leading to any convenient source of'water supply as indicated at 51, and by means of thehead of pressure under which the dispersion--is being fed through the pipe 27, the water supplied at is drawn into the pipe 27 by the suction` produced, and serves to dilute the dispersion being fed to the vat. 'Ihe water inlet at 50 may be provided with any suitable form of' liquid level regulating device or it may simply have its upper open end terminating at, any desired level, corresponding to the liquid' level desired to be maintained within the vat 28, in which case any excess water or surplus liquid overflowing at 50 may be recovered in the pan 52 and conveyed away by pipes to any desired point. It will be understood that should the level of liquid within the vat 28 fall below the desired level, with a resultant concentration or thickening of the dispersion liquid therein, it would result in automatically increasing the inflow of water at 50 to thus provide a corresponding increase in the dilution until the volume of the liquid in the vat increased to an extent suflicient to'return to the desired level therein. Hence,'by the arrangement described, any decrease of the liquid level in 28 below the desired point will be substantially instantly and automatically compensated for. by a corresponding addition of water through the inlet 50 without materially affecting the rate of application of waterprofing ingredient by the roll 40 to the we While I have described my inventiony in .connection with the production of ywaterproofor moistureproof sheets, it will be understood, 'of course, that the principle thereof may be utilized with advantage in the manufacture of oilproof or greaseproof fibrous products by a proper selection of oil or grease proofing ingredient.

I claim as my invention:

1. In mechanism for applying waterproofing material to a wet fibrous web, the 1 rate, o

iiow pipe in said'box combination with a foraminous mould for applying an aqueous dispersion of said waterproofingr material to said web at a constant A means for diluting the dispersion thus supplied, and means for maintaining a constant rate of dilution of said dispersion.

2. In mechanism for applying an aqueous dispersed material to a wet fibrous web, the combination With a oraminous mould for applying the aqueous dispersed material to the web, of means for Supplying dispersed material to said mould at a constant rate, said means comprising a supply box and adjustable means for discharging material therefrom at a constant 'volume per unit interval of time.

3. In mechanism for applying waterproofing material to a wet fibrous Web, the'combination with a foraminous mould for applying an' aqueous dispersion of waterproofing material to the web, of means for supplying dispersion to said mould at acon stantlrate,lslaid means comprising a supply box-having an adjustable discharge opening proportioned to deliver a constant volume' of said dispersion from said supply box per unit interval of time.

4. In mechanism for applying waterproofing material to a wet fibrousweb, the combination with a foraminous mould for applying an aqueous dispersion of waterproofing material to the web, of means for supplying dispersion to said mould at a constant rate, said means comprising a supply box, means for maintaining dispersion therein at a predetermined level, said supply box having a discharge opening in one wall thereof and below the level of liquid maintained therein, and means for regulating the rate of fiow of liquid through said discharge opening.

5. In mechanism for applying waterproofing material to a Wet fibrous web, the combination with a foraminous mould for applying an aqueous dispersion of waterproofing material to the web, of' means for supplying dispersion to said mould at a constant rate, said means comprising a supply box, means for maintaining dispersion therein at a predetermined level, said supply box having a discharge opening inone wall thereof and below the level of liquid maintained therein,

and ymeans for regulating the rate of flow of liquid through said discharge opening, said last named means comprising removable plate members, having orifices therein proportioned to deliver the desired rate of flow of liquid per unit interval of time.

6. In mechanism for applying waterproofing material to a wet fibrous web, the combination with a foraminous mould for applying an aqueous dispersion of'waterprooing material to the web, of means for supplying dispersion to said mould at a constant rate, said means comprising a supply box, an over- Ior maintaining dispersion therein at a predetermined level, said supply box having a discharge opening in one wall thereof below the level of liquid maintained therein, means for regulating the rate of flow of liquid through said discharge opening, andmeans for diluting the dispersion thus supplied, to a constant volume.

7 In apparatus of the class described, the combination with means for applying bituminousdispersion to a preformed Wet iibrous web, of means for supplying said dispersion to said first means at a constant rate and means for diluting the dispersion thus supplied to a constant volume maintained in said applying means. p

8. In mechanism for applying Waterproofing material to a Wet fibrous web, the combination with a foraminous mould for applying an aqueous dispersion of waterproofing material to the web, of means for supplying dispersion to said mould ata constant rate, said means comprising a supply box and adjustable means for discharging material therefrom at a constant volume per unit interval of time, and means for diluting the dispersion thus supplied, to a constant volume.

9. In mechanism for applying Waterproofing material to a wet brous Web, the combination with a foraminous mould for applying an aqueous dispersion of waterproofing material tothe web, of means for supplying dispersion to said mould at a constant rate, said means comprising a supply box having an adjustable discharge opening proportioned to deliver a constant volume of said dispersion from said supply boX per unit interval of time, and means for diluting the dispersion thus supplied, to a constant volume.

l0. In mechanism for applying waterproofing material to a Wet iibrous web, the combination with a foraminous mould for applying an aqueous dispersion of waterproofing material to the web, of means for supplying dispersion to said mould at a constant rate, said means comprising a. supply box, means for maintaining dispersion therein at a predetermined level, said supply box having a discharge opening in one wall thereof and below the level of liquid maintained therein, means for regulating the rate of iow of liquid through said discharge opening, and means for diluting thedispersion thus supplied to a constant volume.

In testimony whereof I aiix vmy signature.

HAROLD L. LEVIN. 

